Studies Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar, revealed how cells repair damaged DNA safeguarding their genetic information
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- The Nobel Prize in Chemistry w
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 was awarded to Swedish Tomas Lindahl, the American Paul Modrich and turkish, naturalized American, Aziz Sancar, for their research on how cells work to repair the damaged DNA.
This was announced by the ' Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, recognizing as studies of the three scientists "have provided a fundamental knowledge of the functioning of a living cell and how it can be used for the development of new cancer treatments." Lindahl, Modrich and Sancar have essentially mapped, at the molecular level, "how cells repair damaged DNA and will safeguard the genetic information". With their studies have found "the toolbox of cells to repair DNA." Tomas Lindahl , with its 77 years on dean of the group, was born in 1938 in Stockholm, where he works in the Institute Karolinska. He taught chemistry and medical physiology at the University of Gothenburg from 1978 to 1982. 'director of group of professors emeritus and director emeritus of the Institute Francis Crick the Center for Cancer Research at the Clare Hall Laboratory of the United Kingdom.
In the 70 Lindahl has discovered the molecular mechanism that works to prevent the collapse of the genetic material. It is called "base excision repair" (BER) and shall fix the errors that occur when DNA is replicated, thanks to the action of certain enzymes that recognize abnormal bases. Lindahl studied for nearly 35 years, the BER, deepening knowledge on proteins that are part of the mechanisms of DNA repair. Completed the map of the proteins involved in 1996 in Lindahl failed to reproduce the BER in vitro for the first time. Paul Modrich , 69, is an American citizen. Born in 1946, he studied at Stanford University and worked at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and a professor of biochemistry in the Duke University School of Medicine. With his studies showed that the cell corrects errors that occur when DNA is replicated during cell division. This mechanism, called mismatch repair, reduces the frequency of errors during DNA replication.Congenital defects in this mechanism are known to cause, for example, a variant of hereditary colon cancer.Aziz Sancar , 69, who has dual American and Turkish citizenship, was born in Turkey, Savur, in 1946. He studied in the United States, Dallas, and is a professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of North Carolina. He has mapped the nucleotide excision repair, a mechanism that repairs DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. People born with defects in this system may develop skin cancer when exposed to sunlight. "Every day, our DNA - explains the Academy - is damaged by UV radiation, free radicals and other carcinogens, but even without these attacks outside, a DNA molecule is inherently unstable. Thousands of spontaneous changes in the genome of a cell occur on a daily basis. In addition, they can also occur when the DNA is copied defects during cell division, a process that takes several million times every day in the human body. " "The reason that our genetic material does not disintegrate into a complete chaos chemical - reads the citation - is that a number of molecular systems continuously monitor and repair the DNA. The ceremony Nobel Prizes will be held in Stockholm (the only Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo) on December 10. The three scientists will receive a prize of 8 million Swedish kronor, or approximately 862,000 Euros.
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